Parallel Thinking among Students of the College of Basic Education: A Comparative Study between Scientific and Humanities Departments

Abstract

   This study aimed to identify the level of parallel thinking among students of the College of Basic Education in scientific and humanities departments during the academic year 2024–2025. The researcher used the Parallel Thinking Scale developed by Al-Obaidi and Hassan (2018), consisting of (30) items across six domains. After confirming the scale’s psychometric validity and reliability, it was administered to a sample of 215 students Results showed that the participants demonstrated a high level of parallel thinking. Additionally students in scientific departments scored higher in parallel thinking than those in humanities departments, whereas no significant gender differences were found                         

• Al-Abd Al-Aziz, A. B. A. (2013). The effect of a program based on the TRIZ theory in developing parallel thinking among a sample of trainees at the Institute of Public Administration. Journal of Umm Al-Qura University for Educational and Psychological Sciences, 5(1(
• Al-Abd Al-Lat, A. D. S. (2000). The effect of the training program “Thinking Tools and Direct Attention” on creative thinking as abilities and traits among a sample of first-year secondary school female students in both literary and scientific branches [Unpublished master’s thesis]. University of Jordan, Graduate School.

Al-Amir, A. (2002). Physiology of psychology. Dar Al-Sho’un Al-Thaqafiyyah Al-Aammah.●

• Al-Barakati, N. H. S. (2008). The effect of teaching using multiple intelligences and the six thinking hats strategies on achievement, communication, and mathematical correlation among third-grade intermediate female students in Makkah City [Unpublished doctoral dissertation]. Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.

Al-Qarni, A. M. (2016). Creative thinking and its educational applications. Dar Al-Fikr Al-Arabi.●

• Al-Obaidi, M. A. K., & Hassan, A. S. (2018). Parallel thinking among distinguished students. University of Diyala Journal, 1(75), 363–380.
• Awad, A. (2008). Scientific research methods. Arab United Company for Marketing and Supplies, in cooperation with Al-Quds Open University.
• Batros, S. (2006). Creativity and innovation (1st ed.). Dar Kunooz Al-Ma’rifah for Publishing and Distribution.

Mansi, M. A. (2003). Education: Concepts, models, and applications. Anglo Egyptian Library.●

• Mansour, T., et al. (1987). Foundations of general psychology (1st ed.). Alam Al-Kutub Al-Hadith for Printing and Publishing.
• Noufel, M. (2009). Sharp creativity: Concepts and applications. De Bono Center for Publishing and Distribution.
• De Bono, E. (1985). Six Thinking Hats. Little, Brown and Company.
• de Bono, E. (1992). Serious Creativity, Using the Power of Lateral Thinking to Create New Ideas. Harper Business.
• Halpern, D. F. (2014). Thought and Knowledge, An Introduction to Critical Thinking. Psychology Press.
• Halpern, D. F. (2014). Thought and Knowledge, An Introduction to Critical Thinking, Psychology Press.
• jafari,p.&Hamidi.f,(2017 )using de ponos six thinking hats model to teach critical thinking and problem solving skills international ,journal of research in education and science (jres),3(2 ) 350-358
• Runco, M. A., & Acar, S. (2012). Divergent thinking as an indicator of creative potential. Creativity Research Journal, 24(1), 66-75.
• Saiz, C., & Rivas, S. F. (2011). Evaluation of the ARDESOS program: An initiative to improve critical thinking skills. Journal of the Scholarship of Teaching and Learning, 11(2), 34-51.